Sunday, 15 March 2009

What is Oxidative Stress ?

What is Oxidative Stress ?
Oxidative Stress

Even though the average life expectancy in the United States has increased dramatically during this past century, our quality of life due to chronic degenerative disease has taken a major hit. We are essentially "living too short and dying too long". Most of us can simply look forward to suffering and dying from heart disease, cancer, stroke, diabetes, Alzheimer’s dementia, Parkinson’s disease, arthritis, macular degeneration, and the list goes on and on, unless we literally attack the underlying cause of All of these diseases—oxidative stress.
How long do you expect to live? Now envision what your last twenty years will look like. I can assure you my patients today are not as concerned with the number of years in their lives as they are the quality of life in those years. Who wants to live to a ripe old age if he or she cannot even recognize close family members because of Alzheimer’s dementia? Who looks forward to a decade or two of suffering severe joint or back pain due to degenerative arthritis?
One of my close friends told me recently that he simply wants to live until he dies. Is this your desire? It certainly is mine. That is why I recommend preventative rather than post-problem medicine—empowering people to avoid getting major diseases in the first place. Over the past seven years, I have changed my approach. I now strongly encourage and support my patients in taking a three-fold approach to health: eating well, practicing a consistent exercise program, and daily consuming high-quality nutritional supplements. I now use medication as a last resort—not as my first choice.
Do you fear growing old? Have you accepted chronic disease or pain as a given in your future? Are you willing to make necessary life changes to ensure your health? I believe a full and abundant physical life does not need to start slipping away at age forty. Each year of your life can be your very best. But first you must understand the war that is waging within every one of our bodies.
Oxygen is essential for life itself. But did you know it is also inherently dangerous to our existence? I call this the "dark side" of oxygen. And as a result, we are essentially rusting both inside and out. The same process that causes a cut apple to turn brown or iron to rust is the cause of all the chronic degenerative diseases we fear and even the aging process itself.
Consider the aging of our skin. Oxidative stress is the cause of wrinkles, sagging skin, and age spots. The next time you are with a large gathering of people of different ages, observe closely the change you see in people’s skin. Aging is a process we all take for granted, but when you look more closely, and compare a baby’s face, to that of a grandparent’s, the effects of our largest organ being exposed to all the pollutants in the air, sunlight, and cigarette smoke is baffling. This aging of the skin is an outward manifestation of "oxidative stress," which is occurring within every cell in your body.
Over the past 7 years, I have reviewed well over 2,000 medical and scientific studies in regards to nutritional supplements and their affect on your health. These studies appearing in medical journals like the New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of the American Medical Association, British Lancet, and Annuals of Internal Medicine report that beyond any doubt the "root" cause of well over 70 chronic degenerative diseases is "oxidative stress." These are the "who’s who" of diseases we all fear and want to avoid; diseases like heart attacks, strokes, diabetes, cancer, arthritis, Alzheimer’s dementia, macular degeneration, lupus, MS, fibromyalgia, and chronic fatigue. "So what," you may be wondering, "is ‘oxidative stress’?"
Within every cell of the body is a furnace called the mitochondria. As oxygen is utilized within the furnace of the cell to create energy and life itself, occasionally a charged oxygen molecule is created, called a "free radical." This free radical has at least one unpaired electron in its outer orbit essentially giving it an electrical charge. If this free radical is not readily neutralized by an antioxidant it can go on to create more volatile free radicals, damage the cell wall, vessel wall, proteins, fats, and even the DNA nucleus of our cells. Chemically this reaction has been shown to be so volatile that it actually causes bursts of light within our bodies!
Imagine yourself in front of a crackling fireplace and I’ll give you the best illustration I have to explain the process of oxidation. The fire burns safely and beautifully most of the time, but on occasion out pops a hot cinder that lands on your carpet and burns a little hole in it. One cinder by itself doesn’t pose much of a threat; but if this sparking and popping continues month after month, year after year, you will have a pretty "ratty" carpet in front of your fireplace.
The fireplace represents the furnace of the cell (the mitochondria), the cinder is the charged "free radical," and the carpet is your body. Whichever part of your body receives the most free radical damage will be the first to wear out and potentially cause one of these degenerative diseases. If it’s your arteries, you could develop a heart attack or stroke. If it is your brain, you could develop Alzheimer’s dementia or Parkinson’s disease. If it’s your joints, you could develop arthritis.
Through biochemical research we’re learning that we are not defenseless against this attack on our body by free radicals. Antioxidants are like the glass doors or fine-wire mesh we place in front of our fireplace. The sparks are still going to fly but our carpet will then be protected. As you begin to imagine the war that is taking place within every cell in your body, you can envision the two opposing forces: the enemy—free radicals; and your allies—antioxidants and their supporting nutrients.
Living a healthy life becomes a matter of balance. You must have enough antioxidants available to readily neutralize the number of free radicals your body produces. If you don’t, "oxidative stress" will occur. When this oxidative stress is allowed to persist over a prolonged period of time, you will most likely develop a serious chronic degenerative disease.
Each of us must ask, "Am I getting enough antioxidants from my diet to protect myself from this onslaught of free radicals or do I need to be taking nutritional supplements?" This is the question that I’ve had to ask myself as I have spent countless hours researching medical literature. You see I was taught in medical school that you don’t need supplements—that you can get everything you need from a good, healthy diet. And this is what I told my patients for years. I was wrong.
Since balance is the key, we need to look closely at the individual players that are at war within. The number of free radicals you produce each and every day is never the same. All the pollutants in our air, food, and water dramatically increase the number of free radicals we produce. Enormous stress, excessive exercise, cigarette smoke, sunlight, radiation, and every drug prescribed greatly increase the number of free radicals produced in the body. In fact, there has never been a generation on this planet subjected to more oxidative stress than this present one. We are literally under attack from our polluted environment, stressful lifestyles, and over-medicated society.
This ongoing attack is depriving us of our most precious gift—our health. But God did not leave us defenseless against this onslaught by free radicals. In fact, we actually have our own army of antioxidants, which are able to neutralize free radicals and render them harmless. In generations past, these defense systems were sufficient. Unfortunately this is no longer the case. Our bodies’ defense systems need additional allies.
Most antioxidants come from vegetables and fruit. This creates a gap in our protection, because our foods have become significantly depleted in their content of antioxidants and supporting minerals as a result of mineral depletion in our soils, green harvesting, cold storage, foods that are highly processed, our poor food choices and food preparation.
At a time when we are under the heaviest attack from the environment around us, our natural defense systems are becoming overwhelmed and depleted. We must do all we can to rebuild our antioxidant systems with a healthy diet, but too you need to learn how complete and balanced nutritional supplementation with high quality supplements (cellular nutrition) is our best hope in winning this war within and protecting our health.

Saturday, 14 March 2009

Gel Capsules vs Tablets

Gel Capsules vs Tablets
Gel Capsules vs Tablets
Question: Recently a friend made these comments:
i) Binders in tablets are not necessary for the body, and why take them? Your liver overworks with tablets.
ii) Gel capsules are a superior method of delivering nutrients. Your liver doesn't have to work as hard and the nutrients are more likely to be absorbed, because your body doesn't have to function so well.

Ask the Scientists Response:
Excipients (non-actives) are the additives used to convert active compounds into dosage forms suitable for administration. Interest in the physical effects and properties of the excipients used in pharmaceutical formulations has increased in recent years as pharmaceutical scientists have become increasingly aware of the fundamental effects that excipients can exert on the bioavailibility, stability and overall performance of the product. Relatively small variations in the physical properties of an excipient can produce significant differences in the behavior of the formulated product. In other words, using top quality excipients is as important as using the best quality raw materials for the active ingredients.
Pharmaceutical manufacturing is a science and at Usana we approach excipients with the same scientific scrutiny that we do with all of our products. Safety, quality and effectiveness are all paramount in both our active ingredients and "other ingredients." All pharmaceutical or nutritional products, whether they are tablets, capsules, or liquids contain excipients (whether they are labeled or not).
The excipients that are used in Usana formulations are selected for their non-toxicity and contribution to the overall integrity and performance of the product. Since we use the best ingredients, minimal amounts can be added to achieve the desired effects.
USANA will continue to monitor the research concerning all of its raw materials and will be governed by credible science in order to provide you the best products for your health.
Please visit the following Health Resources link regarding tablet excipients which I hope will be helpful for you:
http://www.usana.com/USNUSUPPINGREDIE_18918.html
The scientific definition of bioavailable is: the degree and rate at which a substance (as a drug) is absorbed into a living system or is made available at the site of physiological activity. Different vitamins and minerals have different absorption rates no matter if they come from tablet, liquid, powder, or food. For example Calcium has a pretty standard absorption rate around 25-35%. The form does not generally make a significant difference. The bottom line is - a well made tablet provides a very effective delivery system for pharmaceutical medications. Most medications come in a tablet form. This is because they have been found to be the easiest and most efficient delivery system for medications. Why would vitamin supplements be any different? Does anybody doubt that an aspirin tablet is less effective because it comes in a tablet? Tableted products are more advantageous to take, simply because more active ingredients can be taken in one tablet (almost 3 times as much as a capsule and much more than liquid or spray). The stability is also much better. The USANA tablets are formulated to meet USP standards requiring full disintegration within 30 min. Tablets are also formulated to meet USP standards for dissolution. Because of the disintegration time, the vitamins and minerals found in our supplements are properly absorbed into the body and are very beneficial. Innovative formulations have been developed to optimize nutrient bioavailability. Each lot of USANA tablets is tested against finished product specifications to ensure that it meets standards for: identity, target weight, hardness, thickness, disintegration, potency, purity, and (microbial counts). USANA is committed to providing its customers with the best nutritionals that money can buy. Our formulas are carefully designed with quality and safety in mind.
In addition, there are many factors which can affect the absorption of vitamins and minerals in the body. Some of these factors are a function of the person taking the nutrient and are dependent on the age of the person, the integrity of their digestive system, the state of their health, the time of day, the person's gender, and if they were taken on a full or empty stomach. People whose nutrient needs are greater, such as growing children and pregnant and lactating women, or those who are currently deficient, may have significantly enhanced absorption rates for certain nutrients. Recently, some individuals and companies have made claims that their products are superior because they are "98-percent absorbed" or some similar number. This is a misleading statement because there are simply too many variables to say that absorption is a certain percent of the material consumed. Even absorption of minerals from food sources vary greatly. Boron, molybdenum, and iodine can be absorbed at over 90 percent while the average absorption rates of zinc, copper, and selenium can range from 30 to 80 percent depending on the form. It should seem reasonable, then, that stating an average absorption rate does not make much sense. USANA provides its vitamins and minerals in amounts and forms so that, in conjunction with a healthy diet, you will receive maximum bioavailability, full effectiveness, and uncompromised safety.
A couple of questions to ask are:
The very reason we have an industry is due to large published studies in the medical and nutritional literature that have given us the knowledge and insight into these nutritional elements. With the hundreds of studies on calcium and vitamin D and bone health, it it hardly in dispute that these nutrients can prevent bone loss. If tablets weren't any good, where did we get all these positive results?
Regarding the Liver. I guess we'll need to go over a little anatomy and physiology to answer your question. Once food, or tablets for that matter, enters the stomach it is broken down by gastric juices it makes its way to the small intestine. The small intestine is the site of absorption for nutrients. From the small intestine the nutrients make their way into the blood stream and gradually are distributed to the cells of our body. Whatever the body does not require eventually makes its way to the kidneys where it is filtered and excreted in the urine.
Bottom line, the kidneys and liver do not involved until the nutrients have been absorbed by the small intestine. Not vice-versa.

Grape Seed Extract Kills Laboratory Leukemia Cells, Proving Value of Natural

Grape Seed Extract Kills Laboratory Leukemia Cells, Proving Value of Natural
by News Release : Jan 4, 2009 : Newswise/American Association for Cancer
Research
http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/547664/


"What everyone seeks is an agent that has an effect on cancer cells but leaves
normal cells alone, and this shows that grape seed extract fits into this
category."
An extract from grape seeds forces laboratory leukemia cells to commit cell
suicide, according to researchers from the University of Kentucky. They found
that within 24 hours, 76 percent of leukemia cells had died after being exposed
to the extract.
The investigators, who report their findings in the January 1, 2009, issue of
Clinical Cancer Research, a journal of the American Association for Cancer
Research, also teased apart the cell signaling pathway associated with use of
grape seed extract that led to cell death, or apoptosis. They found that the
extract activates JNK, a protein that regulates the apoptotic pathway.
While grape seed extract has shown activity in a number of laboratory cancer
cell lines, including skin, breast, colon, lung, stomach and prostate cancers,
no one had tested the extract in hematological cancers nor had the precise
mechanism for activity been revealed.
"These results could have implications for the incorporation of agents such as
grape seed extract into prevention or treatment of hematological malignancies
and possibly other cancers," said the study's lead author, Xianglin Shi, Ph.D.,
professor in the Graduate Center for Toxicology at the University of Kentucky.
"What everyone seeks is an agent that has an effect on cancer cells but leaves
normal cells alone, and this shows that grape seed extract fits into this
category," he said.
Shi adds, however, that the research is not far enough along to suggest that
people should eat grapes, grape seeds, or grape skin in excess to stave off
cancer. "This is very promising research, but it is too early to say this is
chemo-protective."
Hematological cancers—leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma—accounted for an estimated
118,310 new cancer cases and almost 54,000 deaths in 2006, ranking these cancers
as the fourth leading cause of cancer incidence and death in the U.S.
Given that epidemiological evidence shows that eating vegetables and fruits
helps prevent cancer development, Shi and his colleagues have been studying
chemicals known as proanthocyanidins in fruits that contribute to this effect.
Shi has found that apple peel extract contains these flavonoids, which have
antioxidant activity, and which cause apoptosis in several cancer cell lines but
not in normal cells. Based on those studies, and findings from other researchers
that grape seed extract reduces breast tumors in rats and skin tumors in mice,
they looked at the effect of the compound in leukemia cells.
Using a commercially available grape seed extract, Shi exposed leukemia cells to
the extract in different doses and found the marked effect in causing apoptosis
in these cells at one of the higher doses.
They also discovered that the extract does not affect normal cells, although
they don't know why.
"This is a natural compound that appears to have relatively important
properties," Shi said.

p/s : Thank you USANA for providing us a great product especially PROFLAVANOL